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Horsez ranch rescue download pc5/2/2023 ![]() Subsequently, weights were created for each FE, based on each variable’s contribution variability obtained from the PCoA (SUM.W). Afterwards, principal component analysis (PCoA) was performed using the scores of the seven FEs obtained using the first method. Subsequently, the scores of the seven FEs were added (SUM). Primarily, three levels of scores (0, 1, and 2) were applied to the seven FEs (ear movements, eyebrow tension, orbicularis tension, dilated nostrils, eye opening, muzzle tension, and masticatory muscles tension). Five statistical methods for evaluating their facial expressions (FEs) were tested. The horses were filmed before and 24 and 48 h after implantation. The sham group was submitted only to surgical incision. ![]() Herein, we aimed to identify pain in horses undergoing subcutaneously polylactide-based polymer implantation. Facial-expression-based analysis has been widely applied as a pain coding system in horses.
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